What are standard mileage rates?
Standard mileage rates are set cents-per-mile rates taxpayers use to calculate mileage deductions. That’s because the IRS allows people driving their personal car for business, charitable, medical, or moving purposes to recuperate some of those costs via a tax write off.
The IRS sets the standard rates in the US and updates them every year (sometimes more often when there is an abrupt change in the economy). Any changes are meant to reflect fluctuating costs of driving and maintaining a vehicle, including:
- Fuel
- Inflation
- Vehicle depreciation
- Maintenance and repairs
- Government policies
- Cost of insurance
Who can use standard mileage rates?
There are many use cases for standard mileage rates.
If you’re self-employed or run a business, you can use the business mileage standard rate to claim tax deductions or to give your employees tax-free reimbursements for using personal vehicles at work.
If you expect to have over 7.5% of your adjusted gross income go to medical expenses, you can use the medical mileage rate to deduct mileage driven to clinic visits (in-patient or outpatient) and to pick up prescriptions. Parents and caregivers can also use this deduction.
If you’re an active duty military member, you can use the moving standard mileage rate to deduct mileage driven to re-locate on orders.
If you drive for a charity organization as a volunteer, you can use the charitable mileage rate to deduct those miles on your taxes.
These rates apply to most gasoline-powered, hybrid, and electric vehicles, including cars, vans, and pickup trucks. If you ride a scooter or a motorcycle, you’ll need to use the actual expense method to figure out deductions.
Using current business mileage rates as an employer or employee
For businesses, mileage rates tell you how much you can reimburse employees for using their vehicles for work-related travel without them having to pay income tax. This includes attending business meetings, off-sites, conference trips, and any work-related activities, except daily trips between home and work.
Using current business mileage rates as a self-employed person
As a self-employed individual, you can use standard mileage rates to calculate tax deductions for business use of your vehicle. This includes drives to client meetings, site visits, or any travel directly related to your business activities. Mileage deductions lower your taxable income, which is particularly important for self-employed people who tend to have higher taxes.
Both self-employed people and businesses need to track business mileage to claim it on taxes, which can be challenging with personal vehicles. Instead of keeping a paper mileage log in the car, many prefer to use a mileage tracking app because it tracks drives automatically and lets drivers classify trips as business vs. personal.